Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Fertility can be affected with a Polycystic ovarian syndrome, when it is caused by factors like an excess production of androgens called male hormones, Insulin levels along with inflammation causes anovulation. Anovulation is a process of inability to release an oocyte due to irregular menstrual cycles. This impediments caused by irregularity of menstruation can cause menopause to a women under control and women suffering from PCOS, if this process of disruption in ovulation continues it’s hard to become pregnant for women which can cause difficulty in getting pregnancy which may lead complication to get pregnant and most of the hormones become unbalanced results in making hard to carry a baby.

The women who are dealing with the polycystic ovarian syndrome have side effects like Diabetes, Obesity, Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA), Heart diseases, Mood disorders and Endometrial cancer will be the cause of ovarian syndrome to women having  premenopausal /postmenopausal, the major function in blood varies is that the insulin resistance  gets developed an increase in blood glucose levels in the body this can be known by conducting the blood tests of insulin levels. Excess blood Glucose leads to the bookmark of TYPE-2 diabetes in patients. PCOS is the most common hormonal disorder in women with childbearing and can lead to issues with infertility, do these reasons the women who are suffering from weight loss or weight gain. The women who are more sensitive to insulin or resistance to insulin which was caused by the hormonal imbalance are more promptly prone to the obese or overweight that which keeps the patient at higher risk of heart diseases, sleep apnea, and uterine cancer. The obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the metabolic disorders of the of the insulin that which caused by the intolerance of the glucose levels in bloodstream, the main symptom of OSA is restricted sleep altogether during the night times, the early stages of this OSA is snoring at the night times and have irregular sleep, and that can cause effects of the quality of sleep towards the patient associated with the PCOS. No such women suffering from PCOS will experience the same symptoms the condition of women with PCOS has several disorders which are occurred due to the polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS is not just related with the endocrinological  disorders it is also associated with emotional and mental conditions like Anxiety depression, difficulty in concentrating, fatigue, mood swings and chronic stress. Zinc plays a vital role in building immunity for women suffering from PCOS that results in infertility and also involves in the improvement of fertility.

Endometrial Cancer is a type of cancer begins within the ovaries which are sized of almond that which involves in producing of eggs. Endometrial cancer arises from the endometrial layer (the lining of the uterus/womb). This is caused by the abnormal growth of the cells that which have a capability to spread and invade the normal cells and functioning of the other systems. Sometimes it is also referred to as uterine cancer. This is the type of cancer in which relatively known as Endometrioid carcinoma. The main symptom of this cancer is vaginal bleeding which is not associated with the menstrual cycle, and this endometrial cancer often mostly occurs after menopause. We can also consider that the cancer is caused by the excess exposure of uterine walls to the estrogen levels. While considering the cause of this cancer 2-5% cases are related to the genes inherited from the parents. Prolonged menstrual cycles more than 35 days may become severe condition which leads patient to endometriosis.

Most of the women suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome have a direct effect on nearer or interrelated major organs which is usually caused by Hyperinsulinemia, this hyperinsulinemia will adversely affect's major organs. in order of increase in regular alterations of PCOS in women it leads to various disadvantages to the major functioning organs due to increased levels of Androgen Hormones in the body that which influencing the higher risk factor to the patient and leads patient to the severe condition in which it leads to the patient medical profiles with various diseases that cause side effects to the other organs in the system. Women at this condition may experience severe complications in feeding babies after giving birth due to decreased levels of estrogen that which is the major factor which obstructs by making less estrogen into mammary tissue building. Some of the major factors that evolve Autism in a child of a mother suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Women who are prone to PCOS may have several neuronal defects which can cause psychiatric disorders in the stage of pre or postnatal span. These psychiatric impediments in women with PCOS are often related to irregularities in menstrual cycles.

In vitro fertilization can be described as an assisted reproductive technology or medical treatment for a woman to conceive. Invitro fertilization took a step to take part in the procedure of monitoring and stimulating women’sovulatory Process by extraction of sperm sample from father and egg from mother and letting them combine and allowed for fertilization to form an embryo. Once the formation of embryo completed this newly formed embryo will be implanted into the mother’s uterus this implantation causes women to get conceive easily because the eggs have been fertilized by sperms outside the normal biological process. It is also a called as a type of assisted reproductive technology in which mostly used for the treatment of infertility treatment.

High levels of male sex hormones (Androgens) and irregularity in the production of sugar levels in the bloodstream causes insulin resistance can adversely affect menstrual cycle and prevent the release of an egg on a regular basis and can even stop completely or irregularly. This condition makes more difficult for women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome to have their easy pregnancy and it is more difficult for those women to conceive, sometimes it can lead to miscarriage. Women in some criteria may also experience reduced fertility or sub-fertility which requires further medical assistance. 60% of women suffering from PCOS become pregnant without any medical assistance.

Fertilization is the process of combining male gamete and female gamete which results in the formation of zygote in 10% of male suffering from infertility with Spermatogenesis disorder due to drastic alteration in their lifestyle, surroundings or environmental factors and Hormonal imbalances most of the couple i.e., 17.2% couple in 30% are not supposed to have a child. There are numerous reasons to evaluate that causing infertility either in male or female of that certain couple. To get fertile various modern inventive techniques has been introduced. Since these methods are based on the steps or procedure of in vitro improvement in Semen quality to over the natural barrier of fertilization. Techniques include various processes on their own specific indications.

Immune infertility has become a severe health issue involving 1 in 5 women under normal conditions; moreover, women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome has become very frequent. Semen that is known as the composite fluid which contains sperm, cellular vesicles, and other cell components, this semen could be a reason for sensitization of female genital tract. Natural tolerance of female regenerative tract by the immune rejection of male semen which is a prior factor leading to local or systemic response. Iso-immunization is also associated with infertility. Numerous specific components of the regenerative system which do not represent in other body systems those many of are immunogenic efforts. The major advantage involved in the immunological approach of fertility is very effective or potential for women who are infrequent administration by a specialist's trained people who could deliver antifertility services.

Fertility can be defined as the women have hormonal cycles that which determine when they can achieve pregnancy, the capability of women to produce an offspring called fertility. Fertility declines in order with age progression in both men and women. Woman generally have a high rate of losing fertility around the age of 45-50. which can be measured through fecundity (Potential for reproduction). Infertility primarily refers to the inability of women to produce or conceive a child after 12 months or feeling difficulty to get a pregnancy to full term. There are no such definite factors to evaluate the cause of infertility it depends on the hormonal imbalances but the main symptom of infertility include, inability to get pregnant, irregular menstrual cycles, hormonal complications such as hair growth, sexual function. Factors causing infertility include.

Efficient drugs which are mostly preferred in the case of patients suffering from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome are associated with several other disorders of various organs. PCOS requires first-line treatment for fertility. Drugs mostly suggested by the gynecologists for the fertility are Clomid (Clomiphene Citrate), and major drugs used in the case of blood glucose levels, diabetes, high blood pressure and high blood sugars. Several other drugs include various disorders regulated by the polycystic ovarian syndrome associated with major organs.

Bariatric surgery is a varied procedure which is mostly preferred for the patients who have obesity which was caused by excess fat deposition, this bariatric surgery is helpful to gain weight loss by reducing the size of the stomach with the gastric band. On consideration of women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome have several effects on their endocrine system, they experience the decreased ovarian volume and biomarkers of androgen excess levels. A specific study has been evaluating that women among 15% of women with PCOS 3% are observed who underwent the bariatric condition and observed for the pre-and postoperative weight loss and testosterone levels, BMI, Ovarian volume, fasting glucose and weight. outcomes of surgery suggest that a woman after bariatric surgery shows the resolution of the PCOS key conditions. Thereby the study results in the decreased in symptoms after having bariatric surgery is encouraging, but such surgery is an extreme remedy and only appropriate for a few. A New method to decrease weight by taking bariatric surgery pill  which is formulated using bioengineering methods.

Obstetrics is generally known as the branch that which deals with the study of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. based on the consequent changes in the surgical methods it is combined with the Gynecological department and it is fairly known as Obstetrics and Gynecology as a surgical field. This field of obstetrics is correlated with gynecological conditions like Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which has a vast and varied relationship with the women bearing pregnancy this PCOS consequence has an utmost effect on reproductive women. like elevates the impediments to a woman to get pregnant there are several factors which include PCOS and causing an obstruction for the pregnancy, the major factor is excess insulin production in a circulatory system that which leads to the decrease in metabolism, Thereby causes dysfunction of pancreases. Women with PCOS can experience Gestational Diabetes, Preeclampsia. This leads to the maternal mortality the main causes of the maternal mortality are maternal bleeding & maternal sepsis. There is no difference between symptoms and complication /Discomfort of pregnancy.

Postnatal depression can be described as a type of mood disorder after childbirth which is well known as postpartum depression (PPD) which was regularly observed in women who are in relation with PCOS neither after giving birth to a child. The initiation or stimulation of (PPD) is unclear this condition is mainly including some characters which are probably in turn factors of causing PPD to include mood disorders, irregular functioning of hormones, and behavioral changes can be a major factors of  PPD and similar consequent disorders which may cause the direct attack to the brain that which leads to neuronal disorders. this Postnatal /Postpartum depression is not limited to the mothers it also related to the father; this can happen in 1 in 10 men who had a negative/traumatic birth experience.

Effective study about the PCOS gives that it is caused by abnormal functioning of hormones and by the metabolic endocrinological disorder. There are more research works are process on the investigation to find the exact arise of the disorder and the partial way to sustain the further action worsened by the PCOS. The recent research work on plant product called Resveratrol- product obtained from the plant synthesis. Resveratrol has a property of Anti-oxidant most of the plants contain a type of phenol called phytoalenin (which was observed in plants like raspberries, grape & peanuts), obtained from plant tissues in response to invading fungus and stress and it also had a clinical feature of inflammatory properties it involves in the reduction of coronary heart diseases and it shows an effective work of fighting against cancer. Resveratrol drug is administrated into the systemic circulation of the women fighting with PCOS that may show an effective work against the hormonal imbalances. Evaluation can be done by taking the blood sample of the patient after 3 months of treatment for the determination of testosterone levels and other androgen hormone levels in the blood that which shows the development/ implementation of the syndrome. This defines the alteration of the implement. Taking natural diet like almonds, milk, and veggies can help to improve fertility and makes normal hormonal function.

Metabolic syndrome is most common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome when it is compared with the overall population, and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome are four times more likely than the general population to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment of PCOS is individualized based on the patient's presentation and desire for pregnancy. For patients who are having overweight for them weight loss is recommended. Clomiphene and letrozole are first-line medications for infertility. Metformin is the first-line medication for metabolic manifestations, such as hyperglycemia. Hormonal contraceptives are the best treatment for irregular menses and dermatologic manifestations.

Hypertension is the major medical problem comes upon during pregnancy, complicating up to 15% of pregnancies. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy can be classified into 4 types such as Chronic Hypertension, Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia and Eclampsia. Hypertensive pregnancy disorders represent the important complications of pregnancy and contribute significantly to maternal , perinatal morbidity and mortality. The main aim of treatment is to prevent significant cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events in the mother, without compromising fetal well-being.

Stem cells are homogeneous cells which are capable of self-renewal (reproducing themselves) and distinguishing into different types of cells. The two main properties of stem cells are self-renewal and potency which allow them to differentiate into any kind of cells. As of late in 2004, two investigations demonstrated that ovaries do contain stem cells which form oocytes in grown-ups and that can be cultured in vitro into develop ones. Another investigation gave novel confirmation of endometrial recovery by stem cells in women who got bone marrow transplants. This finding has potential for the utilization in treatment of uterine disorders and has a potential for the use in treatment of uterine disorders. It also supports a new theory for the cause of endometriosis, which is a condition in which cells similar to those in the endometrium grows outside of it.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects between 6 and 15 percent of women of childbearing age. If you’re diagnosed with PCOS, it may be more difficult to become pregnant. And if you’re able to become pregnant, you’re at risk for more complications during pregnancy, labor, and delivery. Women with PCOS are three times more likely to have a miscarriage, as compared to women who don’t have PCOS. They are also more likely to develop preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and have a larger baby and premature delivery. This could lead to difficulty during delivery or a cesarean delivery.

The ovarian cycle is governed by a hormonal feedback system moderated by the hypothalamus thus it requires constant feedback of hormonal for it to properly regulate the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. The hormonal feedback that the hypothalamus is receiving is due to high levels of oestrogen that has been formed from free androgens in the peripheral tissue. Ayurveda suggests that this is vata type disorder (Apan vayu) though the involvement of other dosha can be there but in some measure because the gynaecological disorder are mainly supposed to be due to vitiation of vata.Pcos Is A Disorder Involving Pitta, Kapha, Medas, Ambhuvahasrotas & Artava Dhatu .The causes of PCOS as per ayurveda can be taken as eating excessive sweet and kaphagenic foods, mandagni because of this is kapha getting aggrevated in PCOS, we find kapha disorder. As well as pitta and vata dosha disorder. Because of all three doshas play important & distinctive role in the production, development, maturation & release of ovum & therefore the ovarian cycle & menstrual cycle is under control of three doshas .

Research has shown healthy eating habits and regular physical activity helps to manage PCOS. Eating more whole-grain foods, fruits, vegetables, lean meats and low-fat or fat-free milk, cheese or yogurt can help lower your blood sugar, improve your body’s use of insulin and normalize hormone levels. A healthy eating plan for women with PCOS includes four to five meals or snacks every day, including breakfast. Don’t skip meals. A variety of foods from all the My Plate food groups: fruits, vegetables, grains, lean protein and low-fat dairy. Moderate portions of healthy  fats, such as olive and canola oils, walnuts, almonds and avocados. Protein in all meals and snacks. Try nut butters, lean meats, fish, tofu, beans, lentils and low-fat dairy products with all meals and snacks. Healthy beverages such as water, low-fat or fat-free milk or soy beverage or 100 percent fruit juice.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) do not ovulate regularly. They often have trouble getting pregnant. The medicines clomiphene and letrozole are commonly used to stimulate ovulation. But medicine doesn't work for some women who have PCOS. This is because many body systems are involved in PCOS ovulation problems. Often other treatment can restore balance to the body's metabolism and hormone system, so that ovulation medicine is not needed (or works better if it is used). Laparoscopic ovarian surgery or in vitro fertilization (IVF) is sometimes used for women with PCOS who have tried weight loss and medicine, but still are not ovulating. (A surgery sometimes used is ovarian drilling. This involves partial destruction of an ovary, which can trigger ovulation.

There appears to be an epidemic of both obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the world today. However, obesity percentage is not a part of the phenotype in many parts of the world. Obesity is likely not a cause of PCOS, as the high prevalence of PCOS among relatively thin populations demonstrates. However, obesity does exacerbate many aspects of the phenotype, especially cardiovascular risk factors such as glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. It is also associated with a poor response to infertility treatment and likely an increased risk for pregnancy complications in those women who do conceive. Although most treatments of obesity, with the exception of bariatric surgery, achieve modest reductions in weight and improvements in the PCOS phenotype, encouraging weight loss in the obese patient remains one of the front-line therapies. However, further studies are needed to identify the best treatments, and the role of lifestyle therapies in women of normal weight with PCOS is uncertain.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complex disorder that has both adverse reproductive and metabolic implications for affected women. However, there is generally poor understanding of its etiology. Varying expert-based diagnostic criteria utilize some combination of oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. Criteria that require hyperandrogenism tend to identify a more severe reproductive and metabolic phenotype. The phenotype can vary by race and ethnicity, is difficult to define in the perimenarchal and perimenopausal period, and is exacerbated by obesity. The pathophysiology involves abnormal gonadotropin secretion from a reduced hypothalamic feedback response to circulating sex steroids, altered ovarian morphology and functional changes, and disordered insulin action in a variety of target tissues. PCOS clusters in families and both female and male relatives can show stigmata of the syndrome, including metabolic abnormalities. Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of candidate regions, although their role in contributing to PCOS is still largely unknown.

Treatment of PCOS disorder should focus on reduction of androgen-associated symptoms, the protection of the endometrium, and reduction of the long-term risks of diabetes and cardiovascular complications. For many women with this syndrome, improving infertility is a primary goal of therapy. Nurse-midwives can assess and manage many of the presenting complaints and lifestyle issues, such as menstrual disorders, hirsutism, and obesity, which are associated with PCOS. The nurse-midwife may choose to manage the more complex problems, such as infertility and insulin resistance, in collaboration with a gynecologist or endocrinologist. It is imperative that we act to prevent the far-reaching consequences of this syndrome.